An unusual repair of perforating internal inflammatory root resorption; a case report of endodontic treatment

Internal inflammatory root resorption (IIRR) can occur as a serious complication of dental trauma which leads to progressive loss of the root structure. An early diagnosis could influence the therapeutic approach, but endodontic treatment becomes a challenge with a doubtful prognosis. The present report described an unusual clinical presentation of an IIRR with perforation resulting from a trauma four years previous. A 15-year-old female patient was presented to our service with pain in the maxillary incisor region. Intraoral radiography revealed a large radioloucent area compatible with IIRR, communicating with the periodontium in the middle third on the distal root face of the right central incisor. The root canal of the right central incisor was chemo-mechanically prepared. The calcium hydroxide (CH) intracanal medication was used and renewed periodically four times. The root canal was filled only in the cervical region to the level of resorption by the inverted gutta-percha cone technique. Clinically and radiographically, all follow-up examinations revealed an asymptomatic tooth, evidencing periapical tissue repair and new bone formation. The tooth remained asymptomatic 3 years afterwards. The present case report supports the idea of executing satisfactory intracanal decontamination by chemo-mechanical preparation, thus creating a favourable environment for tissue repair.

Tratamento não cirúrgico para remoção de instrumento fraturado e guta-percha extravasada, com o uso do Masserann EndoKit / Non-surgical treatment for removing fractured instrument and extravasated gutta-percha, by using the Masserann EndoKit

Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso clínico em que um instrumento fraturado e a guta-percha extravasada foram removidos via canal. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, com 38 anos de idade, foi encaminhado para avaliação do incisivo lateral superior direito (dente #12). O paciente apresentava dor à palpação na região apical e ausência de sintomatologia espontânea. O exame radiográfico revelou a presença de cone de guta-percha extravasado, uma espiral de Lentulo fraturada, além de lesão periapical no dente #12. O retratamento endodôntico foi o procedimento de escolha, na tentativa de remover os dois materiais. A espiral de Lentulo foi removida com Masserann Endokit; e o cone de guta-percha, utilizando limas Hedstroen. Após realizar a instrumentação e o preenchimento do conduto com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio com iodofórmio, constatou- se a presença de reabsorção no terço apical. Depois de dois meses, observou-se redução da lesão; utilizou-se, então, MTA na região da reabsorção, e o conduto foi obturado com cone de guta-percha e cimento endodôntico Sealer 26. Conclusão: controles clínicos e radiográficos foram realizados após dois, quatro e oito anos, demonstrando reparo na região apical e ausência de sintomatologia (AU).

The objective of this article was to report a clinical case of finding a fractured instrument and over-extended guttapercha of a tooth, which were removed via the canal. The patient, a 38-year-old man, was referred for treatment of the right maxillary lateral incisor (tooth 7). The patient presented pain on palpation at the apical level and absence of spontaneous symptomatology. Radiographic examination revealed the presence of a over-extended gutta-percha cone, a fractured Lentulo spiral and periapical lesion in tooth 7. Endodontic retreatment was the chosen procedure in an attempt to remove both materials. The Lentulo spiral was removed by means of the Masserann Endokit, and the gutta-percha cone by using Hedstroen files. While performing instrumentation, and filling the canal with calcium hydroxide with iodoform, the presence of resorption in the apical third was verified. After 2 months, reduction of the lesion was observed, thus MTA was placed in the area of resorption and the remainder of the canal was filled with a gutta-percha cone and Sealer 26 cement. Clinical and radiographic controls performed after 2, 5 and 7 years showed repair of the area and absence of symptomatology (AU).

Variação do ângulo vertical na radiografia periapical para o diagnóstico, planejamento e tratamento endodôntico / Vertical angle variation of periapical radiograph for the diagnosis, planning and endodontic treatment

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir a importância da variação do ângulo vertical na radiografía periapical, em algumas situações clínicas especiais. Métodos: foram consultadas algumas fontes com o intuito de analisar a utilidade dessa técnica na Endodontia. Resultados: a variação do ângulo vertical na radiografía periapical pode ser empregada em diversas situações clínicas na Endodontia, tais como: a sobreposição do arco zigomático sobre os ápices dos molares superiores, para visualizar ápices muito finos, em casos de fraturas radiculares transversais, para evitar sobreposições das asas dos grampos do isolamento absoluto sobre os ápices dos dentes, durante o tratamento endodôntico. Também, poder ser útil para a detecção de obstruções cervicais do canal radicular e pinos intrarradiculares curtos, em dentes portadores de coroas metálicas, onde é difícil sua visualização. Conclusões: o uso adequado da variação na angulação vertical pode auxiliar na resolução satisfatória desses casos.

Use of a 660-nm Laser to Aid in the Healing of Necrotic Alveolar Mucosa Caused by Extruded Sodium Hypochlorite: A Case Report.

The extrusion of sodium hypochlorite through the apical foramen is an accident that can occur during the flushing procedure in endodontic treatment. The symptomatology is immediate and intense, and there is a long period before the tissues return to normal. Low-level laser therapy might be useful as an adjunctive treatment for damaged soft tissues because of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which may reduce edema and prevent infection. In this clinical case, the accidental leakage of 1% sodium hypochlorite during the preparation of the root canal of a maxillary right central incisor is reported. This leakage caused immediate and intense pain and edema formation and resulted in an extensive necrotic area in the alveolar mucosa adjacent to the root of the treated tooth. The conventional treatment protocol was combined with low-level laser therapy. Clinical and radiographic examinations after 7 months revealed complete repair of the necrotic area with no paresthesia and further indicated the integrity of the apical region of the tooth where the extrusion of sodium hypochlorite occurred. The combination of low-level laser therapy with a conventional treatment protocol in this case of the extrusion of 1% sodium hypochlorite resulted in the healing of the wounds.

Reconstrução de dentes para o tratamento endodôntico / Teeth reconstruction for endodontic treatment

O isolamento do campo operatório com o dique de borracha é fundamental para o tratamento endodôntico, porém alguns dentes se apresentam com grande destruição coronária, dificultando ou mesmo impedindo sua colocação. A reconstrução da coroa dentária por meio de resina fotoativada é um procedimento fácil de ser realizado e que, além de reforçar a coroa do dente, propicia maior facilidade para fazer o isolamento do mesmo. Este artigo descreve a técnica para a reconstrução da coroa dental, para isolamento do campo operatório com dique de borracha.

The use of rubber dam is vital for endodontic treatment, however some teeth present themselves with large coronary destruction hindering or even preventing the placement of the rubber dam. The reconstruction of dental crown using light-activated resin is a procedure that in addition to strengthening the crown of the tooth facilitates posterior isolation of the tooth. This article describes a technique for reconstruction of dental crown with the purpose of facilitating the use of rubber dam.

Endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling: case report

Introduction: Endodontic surgery is an excellent alternative for solving problems unsolved by conventional treatments and/or root canal retreatment. Objective: This study aims to report a clinical case of an endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling. Case report: The left mandibular lateral incisor (#32) showed constant exudation even after root canal instrumentation and many changes of calcium hydroxide paste as intracanal medication. So, the treatment´s option was the endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling for removing the periapical lesion. After the root canal filling, the curettage and apical plasty were made and the bone cavity was filled with calcium sulfate. Histopathological examination pointed out a periapical cyst. Conclusion: Endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling of the tooth #32 was successful, once the patient did not exhibited any clinical symptoms, the exudate disappeared, and radiographically, it can be observed the formation of bone repair. The time of follow-up was of four months.

Ciência e tecnologia na Endodontia: como conciliá-las de forma adequada / Science and technology in Endodontics: how to properly assess their use

Novos recursos tecnológicos foram introduzidos na Odontologia e, em especial, na Endodontia, com o objetivo de torná-la mais previsível e de alcance a maior número de profissionais. A radiografia digital, tomografia, instrumentos oscilatórios e reciprocantes, ativação da solução irrigadora por meio do ultrassom, técnicas termoplastificadoras de obturação dos canais e o uso do MTA e do microscópio cirúrgico permitem que, casos considerados difíceis, tornem-se mais viáveis de tratamento. Todavia, é importante que o profissional, além do domínio da tecnologia, tenha embasamento científico adequado para utilizar esses recursos. Neste artigo‚ feita uma análise das diferentes tecnologias introduzidas na Endodontia

New technologies have been developed in Dentistry especially in Endodontics so that it could be a more predictable treatment as well as accessible to a large number of professionals. Technologies such as digital radiography, CT, rotary and reciprocating files, passive and constant ultrasonic irrigation, thermo-plasticized root canal filling materials, and MTA and surgical microscopes, have become viable for daily use in endodontic treatment and are an important aid in cases that were previously considered as complicated. However, it is important that the professional have proper scientific basis and knowledge of such technologies. The present paper presets an analysis of some of the technologies recently introduced in endodontics

Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis. For evaluation of the setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore needles weighing 113.5 g and 456.5 g, according to the ASTM specification Number C266-08 guideline. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test for setting time and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for biocompatibility at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Histologic observation showed no statistically significant difference of biocompatibility (p>0.05) among the materials in the subcutaneous tissues. For the setting time, clinker without calcium sulfate showed the shortest initial and final setting times (6.18 s/21.48 s), followed by clinker with 2% calcium sulfate (9.22 s/25.33 s), clinker with 5% calcium sulfate (10.06 s/42.46 s) and MTA (15.01 s/42.46 s). CONCLUSIONS: All the tested materials showed biocompatibility and the calcium sulfate absence shortened the initial and final setting times of the white Portland cement clinker.

Análise microscópica de incisões realizadas com três diferentes pontas do laser Erbio YAG / Microscopic evaluation of incision with three different Er-YAG laser tips

Analisou-se microscopicamente o processo de reparo de incisões realizadas na derme de ratos, utilizando três pontas diferentes do laser de Erbio YAG. Foram selecionados 6 ratos, nos quais, após depilação da região dorsal e anestesia, foram submetidos a incisões com o Laser Erbio-YAG, utilizando as peças de mão 2051, peça de mão 2055 com fibra óptica de forma cilíndrica e peça de mão 2056 com fibra óptica de forma de espátula. Os animais foram mortos após 7 e 14 dias, sendo que nesse momento, as feridas incisionais foram fotografadas. As peças contendo a região incisada foram preparadas para análise microscópica, realizando-se secções de 7µm e coloração com hematoxilina e eosina. Avaliou-se a zona de ablação tecidual, zona de necrose térmica, presença e característica das células inflamatórias e o processo de reparo. A peça de mão 2051 foi a que propiciou corte mais rápido e produziu bordas de ferida mais definidas. Para realizar uma incisão de 1.30 mm de profundidade foi necessário passar as peças de mão do laser cinco vezes no mesmo local. Não houve diferença no processo de reparo nas incisões realizadas com os três tipos de peças de mão do laser de Erbio Yag

The study analised microscopic wound healing of incision made with Er:YAg laser with three different tips. In six Rattus norvegicus, incision was made with Laser Er-YAG (KeyLaser) using tips 2051, 2055 and 2056. The animals were killed at 7 e 14 and the sites of incision are photographed in this time. The parts containing the incision area were prepared for microscopic analysis, performing sections of 7µm and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Zone of tissue ablation, zone of thermal necrosis, the presence and character of inflammatory cell infiltrate and wound healing were measured. The 2051 tip produced faster and defined edges of the wound. To create wound 1.30 mm in depth lasers tips required at last five passes within the same line of incision. Microscopic analysis shows no difference with use of three different laser tips

Avaliação clínica e radiográfica do extravasamento da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em dentes com lesões periapicais / Clinical and radiographic analysis of extrusion of calcium hydroxide paste in teeth with periapical lesions

Avaliou-se, clínica e radiograficamente, o efeito do extravasamento da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em dentes com lesões periapicais. Vinte e cinco pacientes com dentes exibindo necrose pulpar e lesão periapical foram submetidos a tratamento endodôntico. Como medicação intracanal foi usada pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, iodofórmio e propilenoglicol. Avaliou-se, clinicamente, a sintomatologia após o tratamento e, radiograficamente, a reabsorção da pasta extravasada e o processo de reparo da lesão periapical. Somente três pacientes apresentaram sintomatologia intensa nas primeiras 24 horas, sendo que a pasta foi totalmente reabsorvida em 15 dias e não houve interferência no processo de reparo

It has been evaluated clinically and radiographically the effect of the extrusion of calcium hydroxide paste in teeth with periapical lesions. Twenty-five patients with teeth showing pulp necrosis and periapical lesions were submitted to endodontic treatment. Dressing calcium hydroxide paste, iodoform and propylene glycol were used. Clinically, the symptoms were evaluated after treatment and, radiographically, the reabsorption of extravasated paste and repair process of the periapical lesion. Only three patients had symptoms severe in the first 24 hours, the paste was completely reabsorbed within 15 days and no interference in the repair process

Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate

Objective: To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM. Material and Methods: Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis. For evaluation of the setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore needles weighing 113.5 g and 456.5 g, according to the ASTM specification Number C266-08 guideline. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test for setting time and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for biocompatibility at 5% significance level. Results: Histologic observation showed no statistically significant difference of biocompatibility (p>0.05) among the materials in the subcutaneous tissues. For the setting time, clinker without calcium sulfate showed the shortest initial and final setting times (6.18 s/21.48 s), followed by clinker with 2% calcium sulfate (9.22 s/25.33 s), clinker with 5% calcium sulfate (10.06 s/42.46 s) and MTA (15.01 s/42.46 s). Conclusions: All the tested materials showed biocompatibility and the calcium sulfate absence shortened the initial and final setting times of the white Portland cement clinker.

Biocompatibilidade e tempo de presa do clinker do cimento Portland cinza, com ou sem sulfato de cálcio

Objetivo: avaliar a biocompatibilidade do clinker do cimento Portland cinza, sem e com 2% e 5% de sulfato de cálcio. Métodos: vinte e quatro ratos receberam implantes no tecido subcutâneo, de tubos de polietileno preenchidos com o pó do clinker do cimento Portland cinza, sem ou com 2% e 5% de sulfato de cálcio. Após 15, 30 e 60 dias da implantação, os animais foram mortos e os espécimes preparados para a análise microscópica.Os tempos de presa de cada material foram avaliados de acordo com as especificações n° C266-08 da ASTM. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e de Tukey, para o tempo de presa; e pelo de Kruskal-Wallise de Dunn para a biocompatibilidade, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: histologicamente, não se constatou diferença estatística entre os materiais. Conclusão:o clinker sem sulfato de cálcio apresentou tempo de presa inicial de 5 min. e final de 55 min., seguido pelo clinker com 2% de sulfato de cálcio (8-95 min.) e pelo clinker com 5% de sulfato de cálcio (10-110 min.)

Avaliação do selamento apical nas cavidades preparadas com diferentes pontas de ultrassom / Apical sealing evaluation in cavity prepared with different ultrasonic tips

Avaliou-se a infiltração marginal em obturações retrógradas de cavidades preparadas com pontas ultrassônicas. Em setenta dentes unirradiculados, realizou-se a apicetomia a 3mm do ápice e as cavidades foram preparadas com as pontas de ultrassom do aparelho Multi Sonic-S (S12/90, S12D/90, S13, S13D, P15 e P15D) e do Enac (AP4/90). Após a obturação das cavidades com o cimento EBA, os dentes foram imersos em azul de metileno durante 24 horas. Em seguida as raízes foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e a infiltração foi medida com auxilio de microscópio óptico. Partindo da menor para a maior infiltração marginal observada permitidas pelas obturações retrógradas, de acordo com as pontas ultrassônicas,utilizadas nos preparos das cavidades, os resultados permitiram a seguinte ordenação da pontas: AP4/90, S12/90, S13D, P15D, S12/90D, P15, S13

We evaluated the microleakage of retrograde fillings in cavities prepared with ultrasonic tips. In seventy single-rooted teeth, held on apicetomia to 3mm from the apex and outside the cavities prepared with the tips of the ultrasound apparatus Sonic Multi-S (S12/90, S12/90D, S13, S13D, P15 and P15D) and Enac (AP4/90). After filling the cavities with cement EBA, the teeth were immersed in methylene blue for 24 hours. Then the roots were sectioned longitudinally and the leakage was measured with the aid of optical microscope. The microleakage observed allowed to order from smallest to largest, in cavities made with the tips: AP4/90, S12/90, S13D, P15D, S12/90D, P15, S13

Reação do tecido subcutâneo de rato à implantação do MTA branco e Ultrapex com e sem própolis / Reaction of connective tissues rats to implantation of white MTA and Ultrapex with or without propolis

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a reação do tecido subcutâneo de rato, frente a implantação de MTA branco-Angelus® e Ultrapex® com e sem própolis. Tubos de polietileno, preenchidos com MTA branco, MTA branco+própolis, Ultrap ex® e Ultrapex®+própolis foram implantados em tecido subcutâneo de 21 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Os animais foram mortos aos 30, 45 e 60 dias. O tecido contendo o implante foi removido e processado histologicamente.Cortes seriados de 5μm foram corados pela hematoxilina e eosina em que se avaliou a intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório, característica da cápsula fibrosa e dispersão do material. A esses dados foi aplicado o teste do Qui-quadrado o qual se observou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os quatro materiais experimentais. O MTA branco+própolis foi o que apresentou uma menor reação tecidual, seguido do MTA branco, Ultrapex®+própolis e Ultrapex®. A adição da própolis melhorou o comportamento biológico dos materiais em teste

The aims of this study was to compare the reaction of white MTA-Angelus® and Ultrapex® with and without propolis. Polyethylene tubes filled with white MTA, white MTA+propolis, Ultrapex, Ultrapex®+propolis were implanted in subcutaneous tissue of 21 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were killed at 30, 45 and 60 days. The tissue containing the implant was removed and processed histologically. Serial sections of 5μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. They were evaluated the inflammatory infiltrate, and characteristic of fibrous capsule anddispersal of the material. The data was applied to the Chi-square where there was a statistically significant difference among the four experimental materials. White MTA + propolis showed a more favorable tissue reaction, followed by white MTA, Ultrapex® + propolis and Ultrapex®. The propolis has improved the biological behavior of materials under test

Uso de protetor gengival para isolamento apical em cirurgia parendodôntica / Use of gum protector for apical isolation in endodontic surgery

Para a realização da obturação retrógrada é necessário que o ápice radicular esteja livre de sangue ou umidade. A utilização do protetor gengival em cavidades cirúrgicas foi sugerida para facilitar procedimentos cirúrgicos no ápice radicular. Este trabalho apresenta a técnica de utilização do protetor gengival para isolamento apical em cirurgia parendodôntica

To perform the retrograde filling, it is necessary that the apex is free of blood or moisture. The use of gum protector in surgical cavities has been proposed to facilitate surgical procedures in the apex. This paper presents the technique for use of gum protector material for apical isolation in endodontic surgery

Heat release, time required, and cleaning ability of MTwo R and ProTaper universal retreatment systems in the removal of filling material.

INTRODUCTION: This ex vivo study evaluated the heat release, time required, and cleaning efficacy of MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment systems (Dentsply/Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and hand instrumentation in the removal of filling material. METHODS: Sixty single-rooted human teeth with a single straight canal were obturated with gutta-percha and zinc oxide and eugenol-based cement and randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 20). After 30-day storage at 37 °C and 100% humidity, the root fillings were removed using ProTaper UR, MTwo R, or hand files. Heat release, time required, and cleaning efficacy data were analyzed statistically (analysis of variance and the Tukey test, α = 0.05). RESULTS: None of the techniques removed the root fillings completely. Filling material removal with ProTaper UR was faster but caused more heat release. Mtwo R produced less heat release than the other techniques but was the least efficient in removing gutta-percha/sealer. CONCLUSIONS: ProTaper UR and MTwo R caused the greatest and lowest temperature increase on root surface, respectively; regardless of the type of instrument, more heat was released in the cervical third. Pro Taper UR needed less time to remove fillings than MTwo R. All techniques left filling debris in the root canals.

SAF (self adjusting file) um novo conceito na instrumentação dos canais radiculares / SAF (self adjusting file) a new concept in root canal preparation

A instrumentação dos canais radiculares tem sofrido uma série de inovações tanto quanto aos instrumentos como às técnicas. Com o advento dos instrumentos de níquel-titânio o mercado tem recebido uma grande variedade de novos instrumentos. Recentemente um novo sistema foi introduzido no mercado, o SAF (Self Adjusting file) ou lima auto ajustável. Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar esse novo instrumento.

The instrumentation of root canals has suffered a series of innovations to instruments as well as techniques. With the advent of nickel-titanium instruments of the market has received a variety of new instruments. Recently a new system was introduced in the market, SAF (Self Adjusting file). This article aims to present this new instrument.

Rins endo: um novo sistema para irrigação dos canais radiculares / Rins endo: a new system for irrigation of the root canals

A completa limpeza do sistema de canais radiculares, por meio da instrumentação e irrigação, é um fator importante no sucesso na terapia endodôntica. Além de novos instrumentos, novos dispositivos foram desenvolvidos para irrigação dos canais radiculares, destacando, entre eles, o sistema Rins Endo com ativação hidrodinâmica baseado na tecnologia de pressão-sucção. A finalidade deste trabalho é descrever os componentes desse novo sistema e a técnica para sua utilização.

In the attempt to reach the complete cleanness of the root canals system and to increase the success in the endodontics therapy, new devices had been developed to irrigation of root canals, amongst them, the Rins Endo system, with hydrodynamic activation based in the pressure-suction technology. This system is a alternative to the endodontics during the biomechanical preparation. The objective of this work was to describe the components of this new system and the technique for its use.

Avaliação de cavidades apicais realizadas com pontas ultrassônicas lisas, diamantadas e combinação de ambas / Evaluation of apical cavity preparation with ultrasonic, stainless steel, diamond coated lips and both

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio do microscópio clínico e eletrônico devarredura, as paredes de cavidades apicais, as irregularidades produzidas com as pontas ultrassônicas diamantadas,lisas e com a combinação de ambas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Dezoito dentes pré-molaresinferiores de humanos, com apenas um conduto, foram apicetomizados e, no ápice, foram realizadascavidades para obturação retrógrada divididas em três grupos: grupo 1: cavidades preparadas com pontaultrassônica lisa; grupo 2: cavidades preparadas com ponta ultrassônica diamantada e grupo 3: cavidadespreparadas, iniciando com a ponta diamantada e seguida pela lisa. As paredes das cavidades foramobservadas inicialmente sob microscópio clínico e, a seguir, os ápice foram seccionados, metalizados eanalisados no microscópio eletrônico de varredura, atribuindo-se-lhes os seguintes escores: 1 - adequada;2 - regulares e 3 - irregulares. RESULTADOS: A ponta diamantada produziu 3 cavidades adequadas, 2regulares e 1 irregular; a ponta lisa, 5 adequadas, 1 regular e nenhuma irregular. A associação de ambaspropiciou 2 cavidades adequadas, 3 regulares e 1 irregular. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatísticana qualidade das cavidades preparadas com pontas lisas, diamantadas ou na associação das duas. Quanto àavaliação realizada com os microscópios clínico e o de varredura, não houve diferença estatística entre eles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of root-end preparations using ultrasonic stainless steel and diamond coated tips used individually or associated. The cavity walls were analyzed using a clinical microscope and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighteen single rooted mandibular premolars weresubmitted to apicectomy and root-end cavities were performed using ultrasonic tips. The teeth were divided according to the ultrasonic tip used. Group 1 (n=6) stainless steel tips. Group 2 (n=6) diamond coated tips. Group 3 (n=6) the cavity was done initially with a diamond coated tip and finished using a non-coated tip. Three scores were assigned to evaluate the quality of the cavity walls: 1 adequate; 2 regular; 3 inadequate. RESULTS: Diamond coated tip preparation showed 3 adequate cavities, 2 regulars and 1 inadequate. The stainless steel tip preparation showed 5 adequate cavities and 1 regular. The association of the tips showed 2 adequate cavities, 3 regulars and 1 inadequate. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically difference in the quality preparation for the analyzed groups. There was no statistically difference in the evaluation using a clinical microscope or SEM.

Effect of sputter-coating on cracking of root-end surfaces after ultrasonic retrograde preparation--a SEM study of resected root apices and their respective impressions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of sputter-coating for SEM analysis on the formation of cracks on root-end surfaces after retrograde cavity preparation with ultrasonic tips. Root-end cavities were prepared with either Satelec S12/90 degrees D diamond-coated or S12/90 degrees non-coated stainless steel retrotips. Impressions were taken before and after retrograde cavity preparation. The resected root apices and their respective impressions were examined using a scanning electron microscope, and the presence, extension and numbers of cracks were recorded after each procedure. The number of cracks observed directly on the ultrasonically prepared root-end surfaces was larger than that observed in their respective impressions taken after root-end cavity preparation, which suggests that cracking was mostly produced by the sputter-coating process required for SEM analysis. Impressions of the root-end cavities prepared with non-coated ultrasonic stainless steel retrotips showed a greater incidence of cracks (3/10 impressions) than those that replicated cavities prepared with diamond-coated retrotips (1/10 impressions). No statistical difference was found between the diamond and stainless steel retrotips.